MATH 0050: Logic
2023-2024
Exercise Set B
1) Below, α, β , γ , δ are taken to be propositions.
a) Use the semantic tableaux method to show that the following semantic implication holds:
{α ⇒ (((¬ (β ⇒ γ)) ⇒ α) ⇒ (¬δ))} |= α ⇒ (¬δ)
b) Write down a direct proof of the following syntactic implication (a proof that does not assume the validity of any theorems and does not use the Deduction Theorem):
{α ⇒ (((¬ (β ⇒ γ)) ⇒ α) ⇒ (¬δ))} ⊢ α ⇒ (¬δ)
2) Below, α, β , γ , δ , ϵ are taken to be propositions.
a) Use the Deduction Theorem for propositional logic to show the following:
{(¬β) ⇒ (¬γ) , (¬α) ⇒ ((¬β) ⇒ γ)} ⊢ (¬α) ⇒ β
b) Use the Deduction Theorem for propositional logic to show the following:
{α ⇒ ((β ⇒ (¬γ)) ⇒ ((¬δ) ⇒ ϵ))} ⊢ (β ⇒ (¬γ)) ⇒ ((¬δ) ⇒ (α ⇒ ϵ))
3) After defining, in each case, a suitable set of predicate symbols (Π) and a suitable set of functional symbols (Ω), write down a theory (i.e. a set of sentences) that has as (normal) models (only):
a) all posets containing at most 5 elements;
b) all graphs in which every vertex is connected, by edges, to at least 4 other vertices.
4) a) Show that the following functions are computable:
(ii) f2 : N0(2) → N0 , f2 (m,n) = 5m + 3n + 4
b) Show that the following functions are recursive:
(i) g1 : N0 → N0 , g1 (m) = 20
(ii) g2 : N0(2) → N0 , g2 (m,n) = 7mn + 20
For part (b)(ii), you may assume that h : N0(2) → N0 , h(m,n) = m + n, is recursive.
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