Before you turn this problem in, make sure everything runs as expected. First, restart the kernel (in the
menubar, select Kernel$\rightarrow$Restart) and then run all cells (in the menubar, select
Cell$\rightarrow$Run All).
Late submission leads a zero.
Make sure you fill in any place that says YOUR CODE HERE or "YOUR ANSWER HERE", as well as your student ID
(starting with 1), name, and section number below:
CGI Programming
© 2018-current, authors at Computer Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU
United International College
What is CGI
The Common Gateway Interface, or CGI, is a standard for external gateway programs to interface with
information servers such as HTTP servers.
When we enter a URL to request a page from the web Server, it finds that file then sends it back to the
browser.
In CGI programming, instead of sending a file back, it is executed as a program, and the program outputs
is sent back to your browser.
The programs are called CGI scripts. These CGI programs can be a Python Script, PERL Script, Shell Script,
C or C ++ program, etc.
STUDENT_ID = ""
CHINESE_NAME = ""
SECTION_NUMBER = ""
First CGI program
In order to make sure our web server is running correctly, let's configure CGI scripts in two steps.
Find the httpd.conf file under C:\xampp\apache\conf, search for line <Directory "C:/xampp/cgi-bin/" >,
and then use the following code to replace that between <Directory "C:/xampp/cgi-bin/" > and
</Directory> .
Find the httpd.conf file under C:\xampp\apache\conf, search for line AddHandler cgi-script, and add
.py to the end.
Run the first CGI script
Maintain the hello.py file under the XAMPP\cgi-bin as follows. Change the first line to the path of your
python.exe. Remeber that:
you should run the following code on your local machine instead of jupyter note directly
the first comment of the code following is essential, and it includes an address which points to the
directory of the file, 'python.exe', in your computer.
# The first step
<Directory "C:/xampp/cgi-bin/" >
AllowOverride All
Options All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory >
# The second step
AddHandler cgi-script .py
In a browser, view the following page: http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.py
GET and POST Methods
When we send a request to the web server, sometimes we want to send some data over. Browser use two
methods to pass data to web server: GET and POST.
GET method
http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.py?key1=value1&key2=value2&key3=value3
Data in the GET method appears in your URL
Never use GET method to pass sensitive information.
Size limitation: only 1024 characters can be sent in a request string.
Bellow is get.py script. Put the file under xampp\cgi-bin folder. Then enter the following URL in a browser as
follows. Observe how data is sent using get method.
http://localhost/cgi-bin/get.py?firstName=Mary&lastName=Smith
#!C:\Users\UIC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\python.exe
# you should replace the first comment according where 'python.exe' is in your own
computer.
print("Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n")
print("<html>")
print("<head>")
print("<title>Hello World - First CGI Program</title>")
print("</head>")
print("<body>")
print("<h2>Hello World! This is my first CGI program!</h2>")
print("</body>")
print("</html>")
#!C:\Users\UIC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\python37-32\python.exe
# Import modules for CGI handling
import cgi
import cgitb
# Create instance of FieldStorage
form = cgi.FieldStorage()
# Get data from fields
firstName = form.getvalue('firstName')
lastName = form.getvalue('lastName')
print("Content-type:text/html\r\n\r\n")
print("<html>")
print("<head>")
print("<title>Get Name</title>")
print("</head>")
print("<body>")
Here is an example to show you how to send and retrieve
data in a post method.
C:\xampp\htdoc\majorSelectionForm.html
print("<h2>Hello %s %s</h2>" % (firstName, lastName))
print("</body>")
print("</html>")
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Major Selection</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Major Selection</h1>
<form action="../cgi-bin/displayInfo.py" method="post">
<table>
<tr>
<td>
Student ID: <input type="text" name="ID"/><br/>
Student Name: <input type="text" name="name"/>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Major:
<select name="major">
<option value="CST" selected>CST</option>
<option value="DS">DS</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="bestlang" value="C++" />C++
<input type="radio" name="bestlang" value="Java" />Java
<input type="radio" name="bestlang" value="Python" />Python
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
C:\xampp\cgi-bin\displayInfo.py
#!C:\Users\UIC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\python.exe
import cgi
import cgitb
form = cgi.FieldStorage()
# Fetch data edit boxes
studentID = form.getvalue('ID')
studentName = form.getvalue('name')
# drop down box
if form.getvalue('major'):
major = form.getvalue('major')
else:
major = "No Selection"
# checkbox
if form.getvalue('C++'):
CPlusFlag = "C++"
else:
CPlusFlag = ""
if form.getvalue('Java'):
JavaFlag = "Java"
else:
JavaFlag = ""
if form.getvalue('Python'):
PythonFlag = "Python"
else:
PythonFlag = ""
# radio button
if form.getvalue('bestlang'): # radio
bestlang = form.getvalue('bestlang')
else:
bestlang = ""
if form.getvalue('textcontent'):
textContent = form.getvalue('textcontent')
else:
textContent = ""
print("Content-type:text/html")
print()
print("<html>")
print("<head>")
print("<meta charset=\"utf-8\">")
print("<title>Major Selection</title>")
print("</head>")
To view your page, enter address:
http://localhost/majorSelectionForm.html
Task
Suppose your company is hiring new people. Candidates will fill the following form to submit. Use CGI Python
programming to show what the user entered. Zip and submit your file on iSpace.
print("<body>")
print("<h2>%s %s</h2>" % (studentID, studentName))
print("<h2> You have picked: %s</h2>" % major)
print("<h2>You have learned: %s %s %s</h2>" %
(CPlusFlag, JavaFlag, PythonFlag))
print("<h2>You like %s the best.</h2>" % bestlang)
print("<h2>%s</h2>" % textContent)
print("</body>")
print("</html>")
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