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MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science Summative Assessment 2019/20

MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science

Summative Assessment 2019/20

Summative assessment for the module is by means of a single report on your statistical analysis

of data related to the decathlon, a combined event in athletics where an athlete’s performance in

ten track-and-field events is determined by a points system.

This form of assessment has been chosen because, as professional statisticians and data scientists,

you will often be asked to investigate a data set and report on whether it contains anything useful

or interesting. The assessment will also help you to prepare for writing your MSc dissertation in

the summer.

Assessment type Weight Max. length Format Deadline

Report 100% 10 pages PDF Friday 10 January 2020

Your report will be assessed according to how well you are able to

? analyse the data set, 40%

? interpret the results of your analysis, and 30%

? present the results of your analysis and interpretation of the data set. 30%

You are free to use any statistical software package to conduct your analysis (e.g. R or SPSS), and

any word processing software to prepare your report (e.g. LATEX or Microsoft Word).

1 The data

You are asked to write a report on data related to the decathlon. This is a combined event in

athletics where an athlete’s performance in ten track-and-field events is determined based on a

points system. The winner of the competition is the athlete who has the most points after all ten

events have been completed.

The basic decathlon data set records the performance of elite decathletes over the period from

1986 to 2006, and has been widely studied. The set consists of 7968 observations on 24 variables

as shown in Table 1, and is available on Learning Central as a .csv file.

The basic data set is also included with the GDAdata package in R and can be loaded as follows.

> install.packages("GDAdata")

> data(Decathlon, package("GDAdata")

> summary(Decathlon)

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MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science Summative Assessment 2019/20

Variable Description

Totalpoints Total points achieved over all 10 events

DecathleteName Decathlete’s name

Nationality Decathlete’s nationality

m100 Time for the 100 metres (secs)

Longjump Distance jumped (metres)

Shotput Distance putting the shot (metres)

Highjump Height jumped (metres)

m400 Time for the 400 metres (secs)

m110hurdles Time for the 110 metres hurdles (secs)

Discus Distance throwing the discus (metres)

Polevault Height achieved (metres)

Javelin Distance throwing the javelin (metres)

m1500 Time for the 1500 metres (secs)

yearEvent Year of performance

P100m Points for performance in 100 metres

Plj Points for performance in long jump

Psp Points for performance in putting the shot

Phj Points for performance in high jump

P400m Points for performance in 400 metres

P110h Points for performance in 110 metres hurdles

Ppv Points for performance in pole vault

Pdt Points for performance in discus

Pjt Points for performance in javelin

P1500 Points for performance in 1500 metres

Table 1: The basic decathlon data set

To expand your analysis of the decathlon you are encouraged to find additional sources of data,

making sure that the provenance of the sources are evaluated and discussed in your report. You

are also encouraged to explore additional statistical methods that have not been discussed in the

lectures and notebooks, making sure that you provide a brief description of these methods along

with references to the relevant literature. You can nevertheless base your study entirely on the

data set provided, it has plenty of scope for you to produce an excellent report.

2 The report

The ability to write clearly and concisely is an important professional competence. To encourage

writing that is brief and to the point, your reports are limited to a maximum of 10 pages. It

is often far more difficult to express yourself in 100 words than in 1000 words, especially when

you have a lot to say, so please do not underestimate the challenge posed by this restriction. The

modest page limit will also encourage you to be selective in the results you choose to present.

A suggested structure for your report is shown in Table 2. Note that the title page, abstract, table

of contents and list of references will not contribute towards the page count.

? The title page should contain the title of your report, your name and student number, and

the date on which your report was completed.

? The abstract should contain a short summary of the report and its main conclusions.

? The table of contents should list the number and title of each section against the number

of the page on which the section begins.

? The introduction should consist of a few short paragraphs, describing the purpose of the

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MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science Summative Assessment 2019/20

Title 1 page

Abstract 100 words

Table of contents –

1. Introduction 1/2 page

2. Background 1/2 – 1 page

3. (descriptive analysis) 1 – 2 pages

4. (inferential analysis) 2 – 3 pages

5. (inferential analysis) 2 – 3 pages

6. Conclusion 1/2 page

References –

Appendices 2 pages max.

Table 2: Report structure

report and providing a brief outline of its contents.

? The background chapter should include a brief review of any relevant literature, and provide

a context for the work presented in the report.

? The report should contain a relatively short section on a descriptive analysis of the data,

with a title chosen to reflect what the section contains.

? The main part of the report should consist of one or more sections on an inferential analysis

of the data. Here you should formulate hypotheses, conduct statistical tests and discuss the

results of these tests. The titles of these sections should reflect what the sections contain.

? The conclusion should consist of a few short paragraphs, providing a summary of the report

and a brief outline of some ideas for future work.

? Any references should be typeset using the Harvard referencing style.

? The report may contain a single appendix for large figures and tables.

3 Assessment criteria

Detailed assessment criteria are shown in Table 3.

4 Guidelines for writing reports

The golden rule when writing is to always think of the reader. For scientific reports, readers

will typically want to read something interesting and to learn something in the process.

What do we mean by interesting?

Not interesting The average exam marks of statistics and data science students.

Quite interesting The average marks of male students, the average marks of female students, and

the results of a test of whether any difference is statistically significant.

Very interesting The average marks of male students, the average marks of female students, a

statistical test of whether any difference is significant, and some speculation

about why there is a significant difference, or alternatively why there is not.

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MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science Summative Assessment 2019/20

Level Analysis

(40%)

Discussion

(30%)

Presentation

(30%)

Distinction

(70–100)

Hypotheses are interesting

and original.

Methods are appropriate

and applied

carefully and precisely.

An interesting descriptive

analysis is included

and reported correctly.

Inferences are valid

and supported by evidence.

Original and

interesting conclusions

are articulated. There

is some shrewd speculation

about possible

causal factors.

A high standard of

writing is maintained

throughout. The narrative

is clear, coherent,

eloquent and re-

fined. Figures and tables

are used creatively.

Merit

(60–69)

Hypotheses are formulated

correctly. Methods

are appropriate and

applied correctly. A

moderately interesting

descriptive analysis is

included and reported

correctly.

Inferences are valid and

supported by evidence.

Interesting conclusions

are articulated. There

is some speculation

about possible causal

factors.

A good standard or

writing is maintained

throughout. The narrative

is clear and coherent.

Figures and tables

are used to illustrate

the narrative.

Pass

(50–59)

Hypotheses are formulated

correctly. Methods

are applied correctly

for the most part.

A descriptive analysis is

included and reported

correctly.

Inferences are mostly

valid and supported

by some evidence.

Some relatively interesting

conclusions are

articulated.

An acceptable standard

of writing is maintained

throughout. The narrative

is lacklusture

and sometimes unclear.

Figures and tables do

not always illustrate

the narrative.

Fail

(0–49)

The analysis is bland

and almost entirely descriptive.

Inferences are invalid or

not supported by evidence.

There is little of

any interest.

The report is poorly

written. The narrative

is disjointed and hard

to follow.

Table 3: Assessment criteria

Audience. The target audience for your report is this year’s cohort students on the Foundations

of Statistics and Data Science module, so you can assume that your readers are familiar with the

methods and terminology established within the lectures and notebooks. If you choose to use

methods that have not been covered in lectures, you must ensure that any new terms are properly

defined, and references to the relevant literature included.

Analysis. The reader shoud be satisfied that you have performed your analysis correctly, and in

particular that you have verified the conditions that are necessary to apply the various methods.

Your methods should be introduced with a brief summary of their main features, but technical

details should not be discussed at length, although you might consider providing the interested

reader with references to the relevant literature.

Navigation. Do not assume that the reader will read the report from start to finish, as one might

read a novel. Reports should be made easy to navigate using numbered sections and subsections

together with cross-referencing. Once you have written a first draft, it will need careful editing

before it becomes a coherent and polished report. This stage always takes longer than you think!

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MAT022 Foundations of Statistics and Data Science Summative Assessment 2019/20

Scientific writing. For scientific reports we aim for a style of writing that is clear and concise.

Make sure that sentences are unambiguous and that a good standard of writing is maintained

throughout the report.

? Sections should not start abruptly with the subject matter, but rather with an introductory

sentence or short paragraph. Sections should also end with concluding sentence or short

paragraph.

? All figures and tables must be numbered and have captions. Figures or tables that are not

mentioned at least once in the text should not be included.

? A qualified statement is one that express some level of uncertainty about its own accuracy,

and should always be used when drawing conclusions from the results of a statistical analysis,

and especially when speculating about possible causal factors. Common phrases that indicate

qualified statements include “This suggests that ...”, “It appears that ...”, “We might conclude

that ...”, “There is some evidence to indicate ...” and so on.

? Be careful with florid turns of phrase, whatever their merit as literature. Academic reports

are primarily a way of communicating information, and care must be taken to accommodate

readers from diverse backgrounds, including non-native English speakers. Reports should

use everyday words and simple grammatical structures as far as possible.

Plagiarism

The basic decathlon data set has been widely studied and you will find plenty of material online

about this data. Plagiarism is presenting other people’s work and ideas or ideas as your own, by

incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. The need to acknowledge others’

work applies not only to text, but also to computer code, figures, tables etc. You must also attribute

text, data, or other resources downloaded from websites. Following submission your report will be

analysed by the TurnitIn software, and any report in which plagiarism is detected will receive a

mark of zero.

Please submit your report via Learning Central on or before Friday 10 January 2020.

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