代做GEOG0093 Conservation and Environmental Management YEAR 2022-23代做留学生SQL语言程序

日期：2025-01-09 05:22

YEAR 2022-23

EXAM CANDIDATE ID:	XRNQ0
MODULE CODE:	GEOG0093
MODULE NAME:	Conservation and Environmental Management
COURSE PAPER TITLE:	The Social Impacts of Conservation, Oyster Habitat Restoration, and Improving Social Assessments
WORD COUNT:	1,742

Details of fieldwork project

Project title	The Social Impacts of Conservation, Oyster Habitat Restoration, and Improving Social Assessments
Subject keywords (please provide 3)	Social Impacts, Assessment, Conservation
Project location (country and region)	Essex, United Kingdom
Fieldwork dates	From         January 2024 to  March 2024
Total number of days in the field	91

4. Abstract

Conservation projects are now not only assessed by their ecological effectiveness, but also by how well they gain local support and avoid negative effects on human well-being (Milner- Gulland et al., 2014; Bennett et al., 2019). While evaluations of social impact assessment have been undertaken (de Lange et al., 2015), recently, little attention has been spent on refining techniques and practicing improvements suggested in the past (Margoluis et al., 2009). In response to this lack of engagement, the research will compile suggestions made by assessments, refine them, and test them when undertaking its own assessment of the social impacts of oyster habitat restoration. Located in Essex, the research will assess the ENORI project and its goal of protecting cultural value (ENORI, 2023).

6. Aims and objectives of project

The research aims to cultivate an effective approach to the assessment of social impacts made by conservation projects based on the findings of past evaluations (Jones et al., 2017). Doing so would offer project stakeholders an example of how they could approach their social impact assessments so that they collect representative data which helps improve their public relations and their project as a result (Bennett, 2016; Bennett et al., 2019). This cultivated approach will be tested, and subsequently evaluated, during its assessment of the  ‘ENORI’  oyster   habitat  restoration  project,  a   branch  of  conservation  which   has historically  been  assessed  mainly  by  its  economic  and  ecological  impacts  (Coen  and Luckenbach, 2000; McAfee et al., 2020).

The conceptual side of this research will compile and draw from journals, articles, and reports. The empirical side of the research will interview ENORI project stakeholders and team members, alongside locals in Essex coastal communities. These interviews will be undertaken in collaboration with the ENORI project itself and the Tollesbury & Mersea Native  Oyster  Fishery  Co  Ltd,  a  partner  of  the  project.  The  research  will  contribute empirically to the ‘ENORI’ project’s heritage-based goal, and conceptually to conservation projects of all types through the improvement of their own social impact assessments.

The research objectives are:

1) To evaluate the approaches to social impact assessment suggested by previous research

2) To create a refined approach based on this previous research

3)To  test  this  new  approach  trough  the  assessment  of  the   ENORI  oyster  habitat management project’s social impacts via interviews

4) To contribute to the ‘ENORI’ project though the sharing of collected data

5) To impact the approach to social impact assessments by conservation projects

7. Proposed research

In the  modern world, conservation  projects can  be  scrutinised  based  not just on their ecological results, but also their social impacts. This has sparked an interest within projects to assess the social impacts they are having on local communities and public observers (Kaplan-Hallam and Bennett, 2017), and to also focus on and marketing positive social effects as an actual part of their project’s aims (Browder, 2002). Projects assessing their social impact is important to them maintaining positive public relations (Bennett et al., 2019) and their project’s development, but a common problem is that projects struggle to develop effective methods of social impact assessment (Stem et al., 2005).  In response, many evaluations  of  these  social  impact  assessments  have  been  undertaken  (Wilder  and Walpole, 2008; de Lange et al., 2015).

However,a key issue is that very few investigations have been conducted in order look over the suggestions made by these evaluations, and to use their suggestions to create new and improved approaches to social impact assessment (Margoluis et al., 2009). Its this lack of engagement  and  activity  that  this  research  will  address.  This  research’s  compiling  of multiple social impact assessment evaluations will help identify effective approaches and suggestions made by these evaluations. This knowledge will subsequently be used to refine and create a new approach to social impact assessment. Though this part of the research would be conceptual, empirical evidence for its effectiveness would then be collected though its use in assessing the ENORI project.

The Essex Native Oyster Restoration Initiative (ENORI) is an oyster habitat restoration project.  Its  goal  is to  reintroduce  and conserve self-sustaining  European  native  oyster (Ostrea edulis,   Linnaeus,  1758)  populations within the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Estuaries of Essex, UK (ENORI, 2023). O. edulis has been in decline across Europe due to overharvesting, habitat degradation, and disease (Gaffney, 2006), but EDNORI aims to promote sustainable fishing, and to also protect Essex’s oyster fishing heritage and long history of native-oyster fishing (ENORI, 2023).

The impact of this social goal is what the empirical part of this research will focus on. In partnership  with  ENORI  and  the  Tollesbury  &  Mersea  Native  Oyster  Fishery  Co  Ltd , interviews based around this goal with ENORI stakeholders and team members, and with local Essex coastal community members, will provide data on the social impacts ENORI has had oncostal Essex communities. The assessment approach created by the conceptual side of this research would then be tested through its assessment of this data.

The following plan denotes how the research will achieve its previously stated objectives; number filled brackets will identify which research objectives are being met:

1. The researcher will conduct an extensive literature review of social impact assessment evaluations. Reviewed literature will be primarily made up of journals, articles, and reports. During this review, assessment approaches suggested or promoted by evaluators will be compiled. Once the literature review has concluded, the complied approaches will be further reviewed, providing inspiration for a quality assessment redesign supported by evidence. During this time of literature review, the researcher will also be in contact with ENORI, the Tollesbury & Mersea Native Oyster Fishery Co Ltd, and coastal community members. This will be done in order to prepare for data collection, plan transport and journeys, and to arrange dates with interviewees. (1, 2)

2. The researcher will choose interviewees based on their knowledge of ENORI, their knowledge of local Essex communities, or their knowledge of the impacts ENORI has had on the  local  communities.  It  will  be  expected  that  interviewees will  not  have  in  depth knowledge of every aspect, but by carefully choosing a mosaic of interviews, the researcher will gain an appropriate picture of ENORI and Essex. It is expected that new interviewees may make themselves known during data collection. (3)

3. Once a refined social impact assessment has been created, the researcher will travel to Essex and carry out their interviews. Questions will be carefully chosen based on what the interviewee knows, and influenced by the assessment created by the conceptual part of this research . Standard questions asked to all interviewees will also be asked. Virtual interviews will be carried out as well if needed. Locations for the interview will be agreed; this could be at their home or elsewhere. (3)

4. Once interviews have concluded, the researcher will undertake data analysis. The data collected will also  be shared with  ENORI.  Results  from  the analyses, along with  how effective  it  was  to  use  during  data  collection,  will  determine  how  the  newly  created assessment is evaluated. (4)

5. A report of the research and its findings will be shared with ENORI stakeholders, while the research’s findings will be published as an academic report. (4,5).

Timeline

September 2023 – January 2024: Literature review, communications with collaborators

January  – March 2024: Interviews in Essex

March – July 2024: Data Analysis

July – October 2024: Ready reports

8. In country collaborations and local benefits

The research will be carried out in collaboration with ENORI, and the Tollesbury & Mersea Native Oyster Fishery Co Ltd. Data collected would benefit ENORI, as the project could use the data for information on the social impact they’ve had on local communities. Depending on what the data looks like, the local communities could also benefit from ENORI amending possible negative social impacts from its project, or bolstering positive ones.

9. How will the project further geographical knowledge?

The research will provide the field of conservation with a modern example of a social impact assessment approach. This approach will be a refined product of inspiration gathered from multiple social impact assessment evaluations, addressing the current inactivity within this branch of conservation science. The data collected by the new approach, along with its evaluation, will  provide  conservation  practitioners with  a  review  of this  new  approach, allowing them to possibly adopt aspects of the approach for their own projects. It also provides data on the social impacts of oyster habitat restoration projects, an impact of oyster habitat restoration not usually investigated.

The research and its results are intended to be published within The Social Science Journal.

10. Project outcomes and wider significance

The data collected by the research can be used by ENORI to evaluate its project’s social impacts on local Essex communities. As a result, ENORI would be able to address and negative impacts they are having on local communities, improving public relations between themselves  and  local  Essex  communities  and  perhaps  removing   impacts  which  are negatively affecting the community’s wellbeing. The publication of this research would also have  the  capacity  to  help  conservation  projects  of  all  types,  not  just  oyster  habitat restoration.  This  is  because  the  review  of  a  newly  created  and  refined  social  impact assessment approach could provide conservation projects with inspiration and evidence to improve their won social impact assessments. Similar to Essex, these changes in could also benefit their project’s local communities.

For non-academic audiences, the research would provide an insightful investigation into the social affects conservation projects can have on local communities, both good and bad. This research may introduce readers to how conservation projects include social elements as well, not just ecological ones. Readers not interested in oyster reef restoration can find benefits from this research for conservation projects of any type around the world.

12. Summary of key elements of ethical assessment

The social interaction consistently present within this research would cause most ethical issues. The key issue would be the interviews. To ensure interviewees are comfortable and do not feel harassed, the ability for an interviewee to not answer a question, stop the interview, and leave the interview must be allowed and made known to them. Interviewees must also not be forced or coerced into taking part in an interview. Any children who are interviewed must be accompanied by an adult or legal guardian, and strict permission to undertake the interview must be received by said adult or guardian. Permission must be given by each interviewee for their answers to be used in published data.

All these ethical issues will be appropriately addressed by the researcher.