FN3142
Quantitative Finance
PRELIMINARY EXAM 2017
Question 1
(a) Describe how one can test forecast optimality with a Mincer-Zarnowitz regression? 40 marks
(b) Consider a forecast ytα of a variable, Yt. You have 100 observations of ytα and Yt and you run the following regression:
yt = β0 +β1 ytα +μt
The following results are obtained:
|
Estimate |
std error |
t-statistic |
β0 |
-0.008 |
0.0052 |
-2.3329 |
β 1 |
1.6135 |
1.0399 |
0.1468 |
(i) What can be inferred from this output? 20 marks
(ii) What hypothesis do you need to test in relation to a Mincer-Zarnowitz regression and what is your test and conclusion? 40 marks
Question 2
a) What is the “efficient market hypothesis”? 30 marks
b) Discuss two of the modifications/extensions/refinements of the original definition of the efficient market hypothesis. 40 marks
c) How does “collective data snooping” relate to the efficient market hypothesis? 30 marks
Question 3
Consider using a historical simulation method (HS) and a GARCH method for forecasting volatility. After building the so called hit variables:
the following regressions are run, with standard errors in parenthesis corresponding to the parameter estimates:
Hitt(HS) = 0.0814 + μt (0.0132)
Hitt(GARCH) = 0.0207 + μt (0.0123)
a) Describe how the above regression output can be used to test the accuracy of the VaR forecasts from these two models? 30 marks
b) Based on the above tests what conclusions can you draw? 20 marks
c) Does a simple GARCH(1,1) model capture the leverage effect? Explain. 20 marks
d) Describe two members of the GARCH family of volatility models that do account for the leverage effect. 30 marks
Question 4
Suppose the parameters in a GARCH(1,1) model:
σn(2) = w + αun(2) 一1 +βσn(2)一1
and ω = 0.00002, α= 0.003, β = 0.95
a) What is the long-run average volatility? 10 marks
b) If the current volatility is 1.5% per day, what is your estimate of the volatility in 20, 40 and 60 days? 25 marks
c) What volatility should be used to price 20-, 40- and 60-day options? 25 marks
d) Suppose that there is an event that increases the current volatility by 0.5%, to 2% per day. Estimate the effect on the volatility in 20, 40 and 60 days. 20 marks
e) Estimate by how much the event increases the volatilities used to price 20- 40- and 60 day options. 20 marks
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