代做INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (4478/8936) ASSIGNMENT 3: Programming with Python代写Python语言

日期：2024-04-15 07:12

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (4478/8936)

ASSIGNMENT 3: Programming with Python

Instructions

This assignment will test your  knowledge  and skills in writing an application software for a task, understanding the  business  rules  of  a  particular  problem,  coding  these  in  a  computer  program, developing a graphical user interface, and reading data from a text file from a disk.   As such, the assignment requires you to integrate and synthesise what you have learnt so far in this unit, in order to design and create a proper working solution.

Background:

The context of this programming assignment is free for you to choose. Think about any problem you maybe facing that is suitable to be tackled from an IT-programming perspective. I have chosen a case study to show you how would you approach the problem from the very beginning, the compulsory elements need to be included in your solution, and the final (and hopefully nice and useful) product.

This Assignment has three parts:

•    Part   1:  Use  the   problem-solving  process  to  create  a  simple   Python  program  using  an interactive text-based menu (no GUI)

•    Part 2: The same as part 1, but wrapped in a graphical user interface (GUI)

•    Part 3: The input comes from a text file – read only once, then information stored in a suitable data structure.

An example case study is in page 2, it shows the integration of these three stages. Please bear in mind that this is an example only. Your solution does not need to be exactly the same as this one. However, be sure that you include every single element described at the end of each part. Allocated marks are shown at the end of each part. Comments are shown in bold blue.

Submission

•    This is a SOLO ASSIGNMENT.

•    This assignment requires you to complete Python code written in .py modules, in addition to supporting files.

•     Create a folder called “ uxxxxx_Assignment 3” and drop all your files in there (problem-solving process answers, flowcharts, Word documents, and the like). Python modules are compulsory. No modules, no marks.

•    Compress   (zip)   ALL   your   files   and   folders   created   above   in   one   single   file   called uxxxxx_Assignment3.zip.  Upload  this  file  on  Canvas  by  the  due  date  using  the  drop  box provided in the corresponding module.

The Example Case Study

Planetary Exploration App

 

Credits: NASA Solar System Exploration @solarsystem.nasa.gov

PART 1: Problem-solving process to create a simple Python program via the Shell.

I Background

Our astronauts are about to leave for a trip to outer space. They may be visiting the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars or one of the larger moons of Jupiter (IO, Europa, Ganymede or Callisto). Each astronaut has a mass allowance in kg for items that they can take along the trip, including tools and personal items. The amount they are allowed depends on their job description as follows:

Flight Crew are allowed a total of 100kg, and Mission Specialists are allowed a total of 150kg.

Each of the solar system bodies (celestial bodies) has less gravity than the earth. For example, if a mass of 100kg on earth weights 100kg, on the Moon will weigh the equivalent of 16.6kg.

II Business Rules

a)   The Problem at Hand

We  need to  calculate  how  much  mass  each  astronaut  has  left  over for  personal  items, the total available mass and the average available personal mass allowance across all six astronauts. We need to also calculate the weight of the average available personal mass allowance on the celestial body the  astronauts  are travelling to.  We  assume there  are three  crew  astronauts  and  three  mission specialists. Be sure to clearly state your assumptions!!!

b)   Describing Inputs and Outputs

We need a list that contains the names of the celestial bodies that our astronauts may travel to and their Mass multipliers. This list must be stored using an appropriate data structure. Do not hard-code this table. This list is part of our inputs.

Also, the user needs to decide which celestial body the astronauts are travelling to, alongside their mass (Second set of inputs).

The code will display a list of celestial bodies that are possible destinations along with their mass multipliers. Our code  needs to  also display the weight allowances for the two different types of astronaut (All of these are our outputs).

III Develop a “ Hand” Calculation

We will create (pure creation, that it is!!!) a flowchart to start with.

A  flowchart  consists  of  special  symbols  connected  by  arrows.  Within  each  symbol  is  a  phrase presenting the activity at that step. The shape of the symbol indicates the type of operation that is to occur. The arrows connecting the symbols, called flowlines, show the progression in which the steps take place. Below is the ANSI standard for flowchart symbols (American National Standards Institute):

Once finishing with our flowchart, we’ll develop a “pseudocode”, which is an abbreviated version of actual computer code (hence, pseudocode). The geometric symbols used in flowcharts are replaced by English-like statements that outline the process. As a result, pseudocode looks more like computer code than does a flowchart. Pseudocode allows the programmer to focus on the steps required to solve the problem rather than on how to use the computer language.

Ok then;  let’s  start with the flowchart according to the  problem  at  hand  and  input/output  (I/O) description:

The above flowchart clearly shows the sequence of tasks that our program will be undertaking. We now translate this flowchart into a pseudocode:

Program: Calculate Astronauts’ Mass Allowance

start

Print welcome message on the screen

Print (display) the menu on the screen

If [option A] then

print destination on the screen.

Else [option B]

print weight allowances.

Else [option C]

Input destination

input mass and personal items each crew member.

Calculate personal allowable mass for each crew member as:

Formula here [use functions for your calculations]

Print personal mass for each crew member.

Else [option D]

print weight allowances.

Input destination

input mass and personal items each crew member.

Calculate average allowable mass for crew members as:

Formula here [use functions for your calculations]

Print average mass for crew members.

Print exit message

end 

A running example will be shown during the lectures.

Hint: Developing a Command-Line menu.

 

Step-by-Step Guide for Stage 1 (using the case study as an example)

1.   Think  about  your  strategy  on  how  you  will  display  the  options  for  user  to  choose  from according to your flowchart. How you will calculate the available personal item mass for each astronaut and how to calculate the average available  mass and average available weight.

Think about writing simple functions for the repetitive calculations.

2.    Create a new Python file, you may call it ProgAsgStage1

 

3.    In the Stage1 class (file ProgAsgStage1.py), you may put all code for the user interaction and the calculation into the main method. (You might still need to define global variables and constants outside the main method at the top of the editor window). You might like to use nested lists to hold the name and mass multiplier of the celestial bodies.

4.    You will need to write a function to print a menu to the user. One possible example is:

 

5.    Now add the code that implements your strategy to display the different destinations with their mass multipliers, TEST.

6.   Add the code to display the weight allowances for the two different types of astronaut, TEST.

7.   Add the code to calculate the personal mass allowances of each of the six astronauts along with the total available mass, TEST.

8.   Add the code to calculate the average available mass allowance and weight on destination, TEST.

9.    Finally, add print statements to print the output to the user.

10. Test your implementation with the testcases mentioned below (and additionally your own).

For steps 7 & 8 workout your tests before you do any coding

Examples of Testcases:

Test 1
Destination Selected	The Moon
Entered tool weights for crew	100, 100, 100
Entered tool weights for mission specialists	150, 150, 150
Available mass for astronauts:	0,0,0,0,0,0
Total Available Mass	0 kg
Average available mass:	0.0 kg
Average available weight on destination	0.0 kg
Test 2
Destination Selected	Mars
Entered tool weights for crew	90, 90, 90
Entered tool weights for mission specialists	140, 140, 140
Available mass for astronauts:	10,10,10,10,10,10
Total Available Mass	60 kg
Average available weight	10 kg
Average available weight on destination	3.77 kg

Test 3
Destination Selected	Venus
Entered tool weights for crew	99, 98, 101
Entered tool weights for mission specialists	150, 149, 151
Available mass for astronauts:	1,2,-1,0,1,-1
Total Available Mass	2 kg
Average available mass:	0.333333 kg
Average available weight on destination	0.302333 kg

Marks allocated for Part 1: [Total Marks: 60]

I Background [MARKS: 3 marks for asuitable background about the context of your problem]

II Business Rules

a)   The Problem at Hand [MARKS: 3 marks for aclear and specific description of the problem to be solved]

b)   Describing Inputs and Outputs [MARKS: 3 marks for a clear and specific description of inputs and outputs]

III Develop a “Hand” Calculation [MARKS: 3 marks for an example of manual calculations, 5 marks for the flowchart, and 3 marks for the pseudocode.]

III Menu deployment

•    Constants vs  literals.  Using constants is important for the ease of maintenance.  Not using constants will result in lower marks. For example, in this case study we consider constants for the mass multipliers for each celestial body and the upper limit for each type of astronaut. [3 marks]

•    Good  names for your variables and constants. Check style against the Python style guide attached below. [3 marks]

•    The program must have at least one mathematical calculation. [3 marks]

•    You must use functions for each task in your code, for example a printMenu function to

print a menu and calculateAverageMass to calculate the average available mass. [3 marks]

•    Your program must have a main() function to appropriately direct the program. [2 marks]

•    Program code layout. Separate blocks of code by a blank line. [2 marks]

•    Program  is  written  using well-defined functions  including a main() function to direct the program. [4 marks]

•    Use of comments. A comment is not an essay. Comments are important for the maintenance of a program and should contain enough details but keep them concise. Do not comment every single line. [2marks]

•    The  program  must  have a short introduction. Check style against the Python style guide attached below. [3 marks]

•    The program must work correctly. That is:

o A text-based menu is displayed when first running your program. [5 marks]

o The menu works properly. [3 marks]

o Calculations are correctly performed. [3 marks]

o The output on the shell is properly formatted.

•    Business rules are met. That is, your code solves the problem you are proposing (or at least contributes to its solution). [4 marks]

Part 2. Developing a Graphical User Interface (GUI)

 

In Part 1, the user input and output was not very satisfactory from the human computer interaction and usability point of view, your task in this part is to design and implement a Graphical User interface (GUI) using buttons and labels that provides an easy to use interface.

Use the same code for the calculations from Part 1. Reusing code is an important part of software development.

You have a great degree of freedom in what GUI elements you choose and how you would like to design the layout of your GUI. What matters is the functionality of the design and that the user can input the required data in a sensible fashion. However, some elements are compulsory, as we need to assess your understanding of performing a suitable GUI.

Marks allocated for Part 2: [Total Marks: 30]

Your GUI application must allow a user to input various data elements. To this end, your GUI must:

•    Use the Grid element [2 marks]

•    Add Label elements throughout your GUI. [2 marks]

•    Use the Background Colour property. [2 marks]

•    Allow a user to select choices from an either list box, drop-down menu, or scroll-down menu element. [2 marks]

•    Allow a user to input the data using an entry widget. [2 marks]

•    Output data using an entry widget. [2 marks]

•    Allow a user to click on a Calculate button that triggers any calculation. [2 marks]

•    Allow a user to press an Exit or Quit button to properly close the program. [2 marks]

•    GUI Design. Is it simple to use and easy to understand? [2 marks]

•    Program  is  written  using  well-defined  functions  including  a main() function to  direct the program. [2 marks]

•    Program code layout. Separate blocks of code by a blank line. [2 marks]

•    Separate  GUI functionality from  calculations. You should  use a separate  method for the calculations. It is good practice and follows good programming style to separate GUI code from other code. [2 marks]

•    Use comments [2 marks]

•    The program must have an introduction. Check style against the Python style. guide attached below. [2 marks]

•    Business rules are met. That is, your code solves the problem you are proposing (or at least contributes to its solution). [2 marks]

Part 3. Reading from an external file

Your task will be to add code to your Stage 2 program that reads an external .txt file (in our case study, the astronaut tool weight data), put these into appropriate storage in memory (I suggest you use a nested list) and display the details to user when requested. Please note that the text file needs to be written by yourself according to your proposed problem. You can use any text editor such as Notepad (do not use Word!!!) You should also use the advanced Python GUI components to create a graph to show some of your calculations (compare the mass multipliers of the different destinations in our case study)

During the lecture, I’ll go through the file astronaut.txt that contains the astronaut tool allowance weights along with their destination. Each line consists of destination as the first element, followed by a comma, that destination’s mass multiplier followed by comma and the weight of each astronaut’s tools in kilograms (kgs).

Moon,0.166,92,93,90,135,140,143

Also, for our case study:

•    Celestial body (destination) will be displayed to the user in ascending order of mass multiplier.

•    The text file will be read once.

•    We will write a function called readFile to read the data from the text file.

Marks allocated for stage 3: [Total Marks: 10]

•    The test file is properly written according to the problem proposed [3.5 marks]

•    The  text file  should only  be  read once. You  probably want to  do that at the start of the program. Consider how you would do that. [3.5 marks]

•    Correct display of data basedon the details in the text file. [3 marks]